托福听力速记符号总结

美国留学云-托福听力-2014年11月22日 01:03

托福听力速记符号总结

	1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.
	2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.
	3．表示屈服：submit to
	1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.
	2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate
	1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.
	2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.
	3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc
	表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.
	常用速记数学符号汇编
+		表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.
++(+²)		表示“多”的比较级：more
+³		表示“多”的最高级：most
－		表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.
×		表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.
>		1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.
		2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.
<		1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.
		2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.
=		1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.
		2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.
( )		表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.
≠		1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.
		2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.
～		表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc.
/		表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.

APT apartment
ACC accountant
ACDG according
ACPT accept
AD advertisement
ADS address
ADV advise
AMAP as much as possible
AMT amount
APV approve
ASAP as soon as possible
BAL balancce
BLDG building
CERT certificate
CFM conform
CNCL cancel
CNF conference
CMI commission
CMPL complete
CMPE compete
CMU communication
CONC concern
COND condition
CO. company
DEPT department
DISC discount
DRT departure
EXCH exchange
EXPLN explain
EXT extent

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一、缩略词（缩略词的写法一般为四种方式）
拿掉所有元音
MKT market
MGR manager
MSG message
STD standard
RCV receive

保留前几个字母
INFO information
INS insurance
EXCH exchange
IOU I owe you
I/O In stead of
保留开头和结尾个发音字母
WK week
RM room
PL people

根据发音
R are
THO though
THRU through

高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表
缩略词原词
APT Apartment
ACC Accountant
ACDG According
ACPT Accept
AD Advertisement
ADS Address
ADV Advice
AMAP As much/many as possible
AMT Amount
APV Approve
ASAP As soon as possible
BAL Balance
BLDG Building
CERT Certificate
CFM Conform
CNCL Cancel
CNF Conference
CMI Commission
CMP Complete
CMPE Compete/competitive
CMU Communication
CONC Concern/concerning/concerned
COND Condition
CO. Company
DEPT Department
DISC Discount
DPT Departure
EXCH Exchange
EXPLN Explain
EXT Extent
FLT Flight
FNT Final
FRT Freight
FYR For your reference
GD Good
GUAR Guarantee
H.O. Home office
INFO Information
IMPS Impossible
IMP（T） Important
INCD Include
INDIV Individual
INS Insurance
INTST Interested
I/O In stead of
IOU I owe you
IVO In view of
MANUF Manufacture
MDL Model
MEMO Memorandum
MGR Manger
MIN Minimum
MKT Market
MSG Message
NCRY Necessary
NLT No later than
OBS Observe
OBT Obtain
ORD Ordinary
PAT Patent
PC Piece
PKG Packing
PL People
PLS Please
POSN Position
POSS（BL） Possible
PROD Product
QLTY Quality

Ⅰ箭头

→export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/at
Eg.: 我今天下午到达北京 I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.
← import, receive(from),come back(from)
↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expand
Eg.: this company keep expanding (↑)
↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ，drop

Ⅱ数学用符号

＋ plus, and, in addition to,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说)
Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)
5stus＋10tea
－ minus, lack
× wrong, incorrect, bad
＞ more than, greater, more andmore, superior to
＜ less than, smaller, fewer,inferior to
≥ more than or equal to
≤ less than or equal to
≠ be not match for…
Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是 Brandy 的对手
≈around, almost
Eg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500
∵ because of,owing to ,due to , thanks to
∴ so, therefore

Ⅲ其它

。people or person
Eg.: 中国人和美国人中°＆ US °
⊙ meeting,conference, negotiation(谈判)
□ state, country
Eg.：2个国家 2□
＆ and
△ stand for,on behalf of
Eg.:我代表你 I △ U
︰ say, speak, tell, think.
Eg.:我想说我爱你 I 想︰ I U
？ question, doubt, confusion.
Eg.: 我有个问题想问你。
I have ？︰ask U
•1) opinion, ideas.
Eg.: 就这个问题，我想说几点。 I 想︰几•
2）Eg.:我去年来北京了。I 来 BJ •y
注：年year(y) 月 month(m) 日 day(d)
去年•y 明年 y• 前年︰y 后年y ︰
！draw attention
Eg.:信件结尾所用之 best wishes→U！！！
( ) including
Eg.: 有5个人参加了这次会议，包括我。
Five 。→ ⊙ (me)

e.g. for example < less than
≤ no more than
> more than
≥ no less than
≈ approximately
= equal to
≠ not equal to
* important
** very important
× wrong, bad
√ right, good
↑ increase
↓ decrease
+ better
－ worse
∵ because
∴ so
← reason
→ result
? question
! key point
∈ belong to
& and
缩写:
cont. for continued
ed education
Prof. professer
ch child
curr curriculum
chem chemistry
hist history
c/room classroom
geog geography
Lng learning
bk book
prob probably
ex exercise
with w/
18th century 18c

大于＞
　　小于＜
　　小于或等于 ≤
　　大于或等于 ≥
　　等于、意味着 =
　　不等于 ≠
　　约等于 ≈
　　遗憾、悲哀 ;
　　高兴、荣兴 (
　　错误、否、不、否定 ×
　　正确、对、好、肯定 √
　　不同意 N
　　同意 Y
　　上升、增加↑
　　下降、减少↓
　　强、好＋
　　更强、更好＋＋
　　弱、差－
　　更弱、更差　――
　　因为　∵
　　所以∴

　　优秀★
　　属于∈
　　胜利 V
　　问题、疑问？
　　和、与＆
　　结论是 =＞

　　将来 ;
　　过去 <
　　促进、发展↗
原因←
　　导致、结果→
　　对立、冲突 ><
　　波折＜＜
　　会议、会面⊙
　　进入∩
　　接触、交往 ∞
　　分歧⊥
　　非常、十分重要 **
　　坚持≡
　　关键！
　　奇观 !
　　有关 @
　　替换为∽
　　但是‖
　　与……比较而言∥
　　空洞○
　　代表△